Medieval Military Uniforms - Racinet's Costume History is an invaluable reference for students, designers, artists, illustrators and historians; and a rich source of inspiration for anyone interested in clothing and style.
The shield type, after the Montmorency seal, belongs to the third and fourth crusades. Cylindrical helmet with smooth bottom, bronze nose guard, with acoustic, visual and breathing holes. Long chain shirts and tunics open in front reaching below the ankles.
Medieval Military Uniforms
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Sword belt and spore belt with enamel. Legs and shoes are also lined with ring mesh. Sword scabbard with bronze hilt made of painted leather with bronze fittings. A wooden shield with bronze fittings and a coat of arms on a strap across the chest. The spear would have been about 12 feet long, with a smooth tip, no hand guard and no counterbalance.
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Nope. 22 – Lord of the Banner, late 13th century, early 14th century, era of Philip the Fair (Philip IV. France: Philippe le Bel, 1268 – 1314). This knight, depicted after the seal of Hugh of Chatillon (Hugh I, Count of Blois 1198-1248), carries the pilgrim's staff and bag as they dress before going to the Holy Land.
According to the decision made in the camp of Gisors in 1188, the red cross was the sign of France, the white of England, the green of Burgundy. In the Hundred Years' War, the French and English badges changed, white for the former and red for the latter.
A knight's helmet (closed helmet) shows a visor arrangement similar to no. 20. It was so heavy and uncomfortable that it was reserved for tournaments and parades and contented itself with a helmet (cervelière), a cheek helmet (bacinet) or a helmet (Chapeaux à Montauban) (cf. fig. 23).
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The armor of this period consisted initially of broigne or brogna, sewn on leather or cloth, sometimes covered with cloth, plates, scales or rings (cf. no. 11). The pieces are of wrought iron; shoulder pads, upper arm covers, elbow pads, knee and leg splints. Gloves and boots under leather armor.
Norman spores have been replaced by wheel spores. Sleeveless gloves, belted at waist, split in front, after 1300 also in back and sides. A sword hangs on one side of a knight's belt fastened from left to right, and a dagger (miséricorde) on the other. The spear carries the square flag of the flag lords, who must bring at least 50 people to the field. The triangular flag (intelligence) is led by a simple nobleman with a smaller entourage. Writers of the 12th and 13th centuries used the terms gonfanon, gonfenon and bannière indiscriminately for the field insignia of a baron's crew.
The standard (étendard) consisted of a large piece of cloth with a slit in the middle and ended with two dots and was originally intended to mark the position of the highest commander. However, until the end of the 15th century, all the military insignia listed here had an exclusively personal character, national and party emblems never appeared on them; they only bear the leader's coat of arms or motto.

No. 23 – Armor of war in the time of Philip of Valois (1328 to 1350). (First part of the Hundred Years' War.) Montauban iron hat (chapeau de Montauban) over a ringed net hood under which a fur cap is worn. Leg protectors and shoes made of iron plates, spikes fastened to the shoes. Shoulder and arm panels. The chest is protected by a shell shield, a Halsberg and a quilted jacket (haubergon and hoqueton). Above it, a tunic is tied at the hips. On the belt is a sword and dagger, on the right a long spear without a flag. The shield is the pavas, paleva or taleva used since the defeat at Crécy in 1346, covering the whole body and intended for combat on foot. It shows a white cross on a red field (cf. no. 22).
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No. 18 – Pedestrian (time of King John, Jean II le Bon, 1350-1364). In the early 14th century, the infantry came into its own. The mercenaries, called Sergeants, brought many new offensive weapons from abroad, spears (guisarme or hallebarde), Danish battle axes, throwing skewers (dard), scythes (faussard, fauchard; faucil), fire spears (godendart, godendag). Municipal councils and smaller cities are led by these mercenaries in their civil defense organizations.
The foot guards shown here carry scythes, short swords and knives. The body is dressed in a temple jacket, and over it a chain mail shirt. The helmet shows a salad shape with a Bavière as protection for the neck. Underneath it is a hood whose extension also covers the shoulders. On the scabbard hangs a small round shield, a fist shield (rouelle or bottle). The steel seat is held in place with leather straps. Leather gloves reinforced with metal plates.
An iron hat with a falling brim that serves as a visor, under a purple hood. Brigantina of metal plates on the skin and Braconnière, whose plates are visible from the outside; ring net sleeves with iron armhole covers and leather beads. Iron plates for shoulders and knees. Leather blinds are reinforced with iron strips. Blue-red folds, tongue-and-groove in the fashion of the time.
The drawing of the shield was arbitrary until the middle of the 13th century, only at the beginning of the 14th century it was determined by the coat of arms.
Infantry In The Middle Ages Png Images
Nope. 5. – Large helmet or heaume, Pot helmet. Early 13th or late 12th century.
Nope. 9 – Salad with a neck guard. Salad appears to have been first used under Charles VII around 1440.
No. 6. – Old English helmet. This helmet came into use around 1460, this most perfect head protection by the Halsberg company traces back to the time of Louis XIII.

No. 18, 20, 21, 22, 23 and corresponding details no. 11, 14, 15, 16, 17 from the collection of the Musée de l'Artillerie in Paris.
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No. 1 from the portal of Notre-Dame in Chartres and no. 2, 3, 8, 10, 12 and 19 of the miniatures on loan from Willemin.
Cf. Notice sur les costumes de guerre du Musee d'artillerie (Paris, 1876). – Viollet-le-Duc, Dictionnaire raisonne du mobilier français: armes de guerre. – Quicherat, Histoire du costume en France. - Gustav Desjardins, Recherches sur les Drapeaux francais (Paris, 1874).
Source: History of costume in chronological development by Auguste Racinet. Edited by Adolf Rosenberg. Editor: Firmin-Didot et cie. Paris, 1888.
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