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A poster showing the rank insignia of various armed forces during World War II.
Medieval Military Rankings
Intelligence agencies or other institutions organized along military lines. The military rank system defines dominance, authority and responsibility in a military hierarchy. It embodies the principle of the exercise of power and authority in the military chain of command - the succession of superior commanders to subordinates through the exercise of command. The military chain of command forms an important element for organized collective action.
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Ranking systems have been known for most of military history to be advantageous for military operations, especially with regard to logistics, command, and coordination. As time went on and the military operations became larger and more complex, the military ranks increased and the rank system itself became more complex.
Rank is not only used to designate leadership, but also to establish pay grades. As the rank increases, pay-grade goes, but so does the amount of responsibility.
In modern armed forces, the use of rank is almost universal. Communist states sometimes abolished ranks (for example, the Soviet Red Army 1918–1935,
One for each of the "tribes" that were created with the foundation of democracy. Strategos means "military leader"
File:east Roman Army Command Structure.svg
And usually translated as "Geral". Initially, these gerals worked alongside the earlier Palemarchus ("war deer"), but over time the latter figure was introduced into the geral: each of the gerals would change for a day as a Palemar, and on that day would be Voice serves as a bond. Switch if necessary.
T. Gerols were equal. There was no hierarchy among them, but a basic form of democracy prevailed: for example, in the battle of Marathon in 490 BC, the generals decided the battle plan by majority vote. But particular missions may be given to individual generals; Inevitably there was a regular division of responsibility.
The signature rank of a major general was a taxiarhas or taxiarhas, something similar to the modern brigadier. In Sparta however, the title was "polemarshos". Below this was the syntagmatorchis, which can be translated as "leader of the regime" (syntagma) and therefore was like a modern colonel. Under him were the tagmatars, a commander of a tagma (close to the modern battalion). This rank was roughly equivalent to legatus in a Roman legion. Next were the lokhagos, an officer who led an infantry unit called a lochos of about a hundred meters, much like a modern company led by a commander.
A Greek cavalry regiment (hippicon) was called a hipparchia and was commanded by an epiparch. The unit was divided into two and led by two Hipparchos or Hipparchus, but the Spartan cavalry was led by a Hipparmostes. A hippopotamus was a mounted archer. A Greek cavalry company was led by a tetraches or tetrarch.
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The rank and file of the military in most of the Greek city-states was composed of ordinary citizens. Heavily armed foot soldiers were called hoplites or hoplites and a hoplomatos was a drill or weapons instructor.
Once Athens became a naval power, the major generals of the land armies also had authority over the naval fleet. Under them, each warship was commanded by a trierarchus or trierarch, a word that originally meant "trireme officer" but persisted when other types of vessels came into use. Moreover, as in modern navies, the different tasks associated with running a ship are delegated to different subordinates. Specifically, the cybernetic was the helmsman, the celeustes managed the speed of the rowing, and the trieraulès was the flute player who kept the course of the strike for the poor. After further specialization, the naval strategos was replaced by a nauarchos, a naval officer equal to an admiral.
With the rise of Macedonia under Philip II of Macedonia and Alexander the Great, the Greek military became professional, tactics became more sophisticated and additional levels of rank developed. The foot soldiers are organized into heavy infantry phalanxes called phalangites. These were among the first troops ever to drill, and fought in a tight rectangular formation, typically eight meters deep, with a leader at the head of each column (or file) and a secondary leader in the middle so that the rear of the rows Can be moved to the sides if more facades are needed.
A tetrarchy was a unit of four files and a tetrache or tetrarch was a commander of four files; A dilochia was a double thread and a dilochia was a double thread; A lochos was a single file and a lochagos was a file leader; A wall was half fire and a wall was half fire. Another name for the half file was a hemilochion and a hemilochites which is a half file leader.
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However, different types of units were divided differently and therefore their leaders had different titles. For example, under a system of numbering by ts, a dekas or dekania was a unit of h with a dekarchos, a hekatontarchia was a unit of a hundred with a hekatontarchos and a heliostis or hiliarchia was a unit of a thousand. Directed by A Chiliarchos.
The cavalry, for which Alexander was famous (in a military session), became more diverse. There were heavy cavalry and winged (helion) cavalry units, the latter commanded by a Hilarchus.
The official use of rank became widely used with the Roman legions after the reforms of Marius. Comparisons with modern ranks, however, can only be loose because the command structure of the Roman army was very different from the organizational structure of its modern counterparts, which was from the early modern, Thirty Years' War mercurial companies, rather than from writings . in fourth. -Four Roman writers Vegetius and Caesar made conquests about his conquest of Gaul and the civil war.
The so-called military command was a political office in Rome. A commander had to be equipped with imperium, a political-religious concept. The king who owned it (the rex sacrum) was strictly forbidden to avoid returning to the monarchy. In the Republic, the commanders were limited to consuls, or (rarely) to praetors, or even more necessary, a dictator. Proconsul, after the establishment of the office, was used. In Imperial times, each regiment was commanded by the emperor, who was technically either consul or proconsul.
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The commander could appoint a deputy, a so-called legate (legatus). The association of "legatus" and "legion" is popular etymology, as the meaning of legatus is "proxy" or "voyant". Legacies were typically drawn from the Roman Empire for three-year terms. The political nature of the military high command was reflected here in that the legions were always subordinate to the governor, and only the Second and other legions that stood in a province had their own legatus. The real commanders and legates together were, in modern terms, general officers.
Immediately below the commander (or his legate) were six military tribunes (tribuni militum), five of them were young men of equestrian rank and one of them was a noble who ruled for the country. The latter was called Latical tribune (tribunus laticlavius) and was the second in command. If in the modern division the vice-commander is a brigadier general, the tribune Latiklavy can perhaps be replaced with this rank, even if he does not command his own formation. The other tribunes are called tribuni angusticlavii and are equivalent to the staff officers in both sexes of the term: in major rank, lieutenant colonel, colonel, and administrative duties. They did not command a pure formation. The term military tribune is sometimes translated into English as "colonel"—notably by the late classicist Robert Graves in his Claudius novels and his translation of Suetonius's Twelve Caesars—to avoid confusion with the political "tribune of the people"; Moreover, they should not be confused with the "military tribunes with consular authority", who could replace the consuls in the early republic.
The third highest officer in a regiment, above the Angusticlav tribunes, was the praefectus. He too would have the rank of colonel in the modern armies, but he was quite different from the tribunes, because his office is Not part of the administrative race, but usually filled by the former centurions. (Modern armies have a similar distinction on a lower scale—that is, between commissioned and non-commissioned officers.)
My fight in the regiment was created in "rows", my rows, which fought as a unit. Under Marius' new system, the legions were divided into cohorts (roughly equivalent to battalions and directly subordinate to the regiment), each consisting of three manipulators, each of two (a small company in modern terms), each. which includes between 60 and 160 m. Each kturi was led by a kturion (kturio, traditionally translated as commander), who was assisted by a number of junior officers, such as an optio. ctories were more broken in h
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